Beams must be checked for their bending moment capacity and shear strength. A critical part of this is checking for Lateral-Torsional Buckling , where the beam might twist if it isn't properly braced. Serviceability (Deflection):
Engineers use software or manual calculations to run multiple load combinations to find the absolute maximum shear, moment, and axial forces. Common combinations include: 1.4D1.4 cap D 3. Step-by-Step Calculation Workflows for Core Elements steel structure design calculation pdf