Liquid chromatography is the cornerstone of purification, utilizing interactions such as hydrophobic, electrostatic, and affinity forces to separate biomolecules.
$$ \beginaligned \textSuperficial velocity &= \frac\textFlow rate\textCross-sectional area \ &= \frac1 , \textmL/min78.5 , \textcm^2 \ &= 0.013 , \textcm/min \endaligned $$